El Repaso de los conceptos para Español IV
¡Bienvenidos a la clase de español IV! Spanish IV is an advanced level course designed for students that have taken the lower level Spanish classes and desire to improve their communicative ability. The review for this course will cover material that has been taught in all the lower level courses. At the beginning of the review, students will take a diagnostic test to assess their understanding of the concepts that they have learned and what they recall from the previous years. From the results, an appropriate review will come from it to ensure that students are getting what they need and are able to address their weaknesses and play on their strengths.
In the review there will be recycled vocabulary that is essential for communication, as well as extension pieces to allow the student to increase their vocabulary in certain themes. The primary goal of the Review is to allow students to use the familiar grammatical concepts in meaningful communication with each other and in the class with the teacher. Students will work on their Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking.
In the review there will be recycled vocabulary that is essential for communication, as well as extension pieces to allow the student to increase their vocabulary in certain themes. The primary goal of the Review is to allow students to use the familiar grammatical concepts in meaningful communication with each other and in the class with the teacher. Students will work on their Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking.
La Bienvenida y Alianza
At the beginning of every class we will start off with "La Bienvenida" (Welcome). A student will stand in front of the class and welcome everyone to class, say the date, what the weather is like for the day, and at least 2 announcements that everyone should know about. Through this daily activity, students will practice their Spanish and keep up with what they have learned. After "la Bienvenida" we will all do "la Alianza" which is the Pledge of Allegiance in Spanish. As much as we can we will be using the language to go about our daily routines.
Below are the files that you can download and print off in order to study & memorize "la Bienvenida" and "la Alianza."
Below are the files that you can download and print off in order to study & memorize "la Bienvenida" and "la Alianza."
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El Alphabeto
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Why is the Alphabet so important? Because it it the foundation for any language and if students of a language are able to understand the sounds that the letters make in the target language, it will make it easier for the student to pronounce the words and understand what they are hearing when spoken.
The beautiful thing about Spanish is the way the words are spelled, is the way they are pronounced. All students will experience success with pronunciation when they take the time to learn the alphabet and understand the sounds they make. Below is a PDF of the Spanish Alphabet with their letter names and the sounds that they make. To the right are videos that can help students learn the names of the letters of the Spanish Alphabet. The first video is the best because it not only goes over the entire alphabet several times, but it has a special focus on the vowels and even puts them together with other consonants to demonstrate their sounds in syllables.
Below is a file with the alphabet with the letters, names and their phonemes.
The beautiful thing about Spanish is the way the words are spelled, is the way they are pronounced. All students will experience success with pronunciation when they take the time to learn the alphabet and understand the sounds they make. Below is a PDF of the Spanish Alphabet with their letter names and the sounds that they make. To the right are videos that can help students learn the names of the letters of the Spanish Alphabet. The first video is the best because it not only goes over the entire alphabet several times, but it has a special focus on the vowels and even puts them together with other consonants to demonstrate their sounds in syllables.
Below is a file with the alphabet with the letters, names and their phonemes.
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El estrés y las sílabas
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In every language there are rules and patterns to how the words are pronounced.
What is stress?
In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. Stress is typically signaled by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation of the vowel, and changes pitch.
Ex. present vs. present
project vs. project
Depending where you place the stress in a word can change the meaning of the word.
What are syllables?
Syllables are combinations of vowels and consonants to make up a word.
What are the rules for identifying the stress in a word?
Here are some basic rules that govern the stress in words.
1. If a word ends in a vowel, n, or s, the second-to-last syllable receives the stress.
a. FRUtas b. COmen c. HAblo
2. If a word does NOT end in a vowel, n, or s, the last syllable gets the stress.
a. ofreCER b. activiDAD c. aniMAL
3. If a word has an accent on an irregular stress point based on rules 1 and 2, forget rules 1 and 2 and stress the mark
a. FÓRmula b. LÁMpara c. meCÁnico
4. If a word has an accent on a regular stress point, it is because that word has two meanings and the accent is a visible marker to differentiate meanings.
a. si/sí b. como/cómo c. que/qué
What is stress?
In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. Stress is typically signaled by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation of the vowel, and changes pitch.
Ex. present vs. present
project vs. project
Depending where you place the stress in a word can change the meaning of the word.
What are syllables?
Syllables are combinations of vowels and consonants to make up a word.
What are the rules for identifying the stress in a word?
Here are some basic rules that govern the stress in words.
1. If a word ends in a vowel, n, or s, the second-to-last syllable receives the stress.
a. FRUtas b. COmen c. HAblo
2. If a word does NOT end in a vowel, n, or s, the last syllable gets the stress.
a. ofreCER b. activiDAD c. aniMAL
3. If a word has an accent on an irregular stress point based on rules 1 and 2, forget rules 1 and 2 and stress the mark
a. FÓRmula b. LÁMpara c. meCÁnico
4. If a word has an accent on a regular stress point, it is because that word has two meanings and the accent is a visible marker to differentiate meanings.
a. si/sí b. como/cómo c. que/qué
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El número y el género de los sustantivos
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In Spanish, all nouns have a "gender," which is not very common in English. The two gender forms are either Masculine or Feminine in nature and it has nothing to do with what one thinks is "masculine" or "feminine." There is a pattern in the language that indicates whether a noun is going to be masculine or feminine and it is determined by which letter it ends with.
The big ideas to be understood and learned from this concept are:
1) Identify the Gender of nouns
The way to identify if a word is FEMININE, is if it ends with:
D -ión Z A
The way to identify if a word is MASCULINE, is if it ends with:
L O N E R S
Some exceptions are those nouns that refer to people or animals. In these cases, the gender will follow the sex of the animal or person.
Ex. madre (f) = mother; mujer (f) = woman
*This method of identification will work 95-98% of the time. One has to careful of the exceptions, but they are few.
2) Making nouns SINGULAR or PLURAL
3) Article agreement and translation in English
There are two types of articles:
DEFINITE (¨the¨) & INDEFINITE (¨a¨, ¨some¨)
el los un unos
la las una unas
4) Adjective agreement with the noun
The big ideas to be understood and learned from this concept are:
1) Identify the Gender of nouns
The way to identify if a word is FEMININE, is if it ends with:
D -ión Z A
The way to identify if a word is MASCULINE, is if it ends with:
L O N E R S
Some exceptions are those nouns that refer to people or animals. In these cases, the gender will follow the sex of the animal or person.
Ex. madre (f) = mother; mujer (f) = woman
*This method of identification will work 95-98% of the time. One has to careful of the exceptions, but they are few.
2) Making nouns SINGULAR or PLURAL
- If the word ends with a VOWEL, add ¨-s¨
- If the word ends with a CONSONANT, add ¨-es¨
3) Article agreement and translation in English
There are two types of articles:
DEFINITE (¨the¨) & INDEFINITE (¨a¨, ¨some¨)
el los un unos
la las una unas
4) Adjective agreement with the noun
- Adjectives describe a noun. Unlike English, in Spanish the adjective typically follows the noun and it will agree with the noun in NUMBER and GENDER.
- Adjectives that naturally end with an ¨-o¨ will agree in Gender AND Number
- Adjectives that end with other letters, (i.e. azul, grande, amable, etc.) will be gender NEUTRAL, they will not agree in gender, but will agree in number.
